![]() This one is niether mesmerizing or polishing. This is yet another Brilliance focussed tube of toothpaste. Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Water, PEG-6, Flavor, Trisodium Phosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Carrageenan, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Saccharin, PEG-20M/ PEG-23M, Xanthan Gum, It also contains carrageenan and Cocamidopropyl Betaine, neither of which is really focussed on improving brilliance. Unsurprisingly, this product contains sodium hexametaphosphate which we have already covered while talking about the Brilliance Boost toothpaste above. It is a mint flavored toothpaste that is focussed on producing such brilliance on the surface of your teeth that it is mesmerizing. This next one is called "Brilliance Mesmerizing Mint". Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Water, PEG-6, Flavor, Trisodium Phosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Carrageenan, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Saccharin, PEG-20M/ PEG-23M, Xanthan Gum, Sucralose, Color Also, note the lack of fluoride which you may or may not want.ĬREST 3D WHITE BRILLIANCE MESMERIZING MINT TOOTHPASTE If you want boosed brilliance, sodium hexametaphosphate is probably something that you want in your toothpaste. ![]() I would imagine that this one component is what sets this product apart as a polishing product. One notable chemical that has been included is sodium hexametaphosphate. This goal is achieved through the unique combination of ingredients. Most tubes of toothpaste will polish your teeth but this one is more focussed and specialized. ![]() "Brilliance Boost Polishing Treatment" toothpaste is geared specifically towards polishing teeth with the goal of increasing brilliance. Glycerin, Hydrated Silica, Sodium Hexametaphosphate, Propylene Glycol, Water, PEG-12, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Flavor, Poloxamer 407, PEG-20M/ PEG-23M, Sodium Saccharin, Xanthan Gum, Cellulose Gum, Titanium Dioxide This could mean just about anything.Īlso, be careful not to confuse this toothpaste with the similarly named "Arctic Fresh Whitening".ĬREST 3D WHITE BRILLIANCE BOOST POLISHING TREATMENT The actual ingredient that is meant to alter the flavor is just listed as "flavor". The functionality isn't really supposed to be different and I can't imagine how this combination of chemicals would result in a different flavor. I personally would have expected these two to be exactly the same execpt for one flavor related ingredient. The only additional ingredient listed that Mild mint doesn't have is mica. Arctic Fresh has fewer ingredients listed compared to Mild Mint. Like Mild Mint it doesn't have any other special, defining features to set it apart within the 3D White line except, of course, for the flavor. Water, Sorbitol, Hydrated Silica, Disodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Flavor, Cellulose Gum, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Saccharin, Carbomer, Mica, Titanium Dioxide, ColorĪrctic Fresh is yet another Crest 3D White flavor. NOTE - They may have confused these with the whitening version of this product. The world of toothpaste is a mysterious place. The only thing that the other tube has that this one doesn't is mica, which I assume is purely cosmetic. Basically, this one just has a ton more ingredients. They both contain Cellulose Gum but only this one has Xanthan Gum. This one contains alcohol where as Arcitc Fresh does not. Despite this the ingredients are very different. The only thing setting it appart from the Arctic Fresh paste is the flavor. This specific tube of toothpaste doesn't have any other special features other than the flavor. Mild Mint is one of the flavors of Crest 3d White. Sorbitol, Water, Hydrated Silica, Disodium Pyrophosphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, Flavor, Sodium Hydroxide, Alcohol (0.7%), Xanthan Gum, Sodium Saccharin, Glycerin, Carbomer, Cellulose Gum, Polysorbate 80, Sodium Benzoate, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Benzoic Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Color This is significant because it shows that even two tubes that are supposed to be almost the same can diverge greatly. If you look at the actual ingredients you can see that they are actually very different. The only obvious difference between these two products seems to be the flavor. They are both from the Crest 3D White line. These are two very similar types of toothpaste. Ingredients Listing for Each Crest Toothpaste Type.Comparing Two Very Similar Crest Toothpastes.Some of them were unavailable so we needed to pull them from third party websites. ![]() We have pulled most of the ingredients info from. These are 3D White, Crest Complete, and Crest Pro-Health. There are three major product lines of Crest toothpaste. You will learn everything you have ever wanted to know and more about what is put into these products. If you want to learn about Crest toothpaste ingredients then you have come to the right place. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Crystals have also been found in the crop circle soil, which could only grow at temperature levels that would normally be much too hot for the plants to survive, he said. Sanderson was a man of many interests, but he is known as a biologist, writer, animal enthusiast, and huge fan of all things paranormal. ![]() This map by Ivan Sanderson of the so-called 'Bermuda Triangle' (actually a lozenge-shaped area) and similar 'vile vortices' appeared in the April 1971 issue of SITUs quarterly journal, Pursuit. "The reason why these crystals are forming and the soil gets so dry is that the technology that makes these circles involves drawing water up out of the ground," Wilcock suggested. Icosahedron Vile vorticess are phenomena that was proposed by a noted naturalist and paranormal investigator, Ivan Sanderson. : This book is a groundbreaking contribution to the study of the UFO enigma, originally published over 30 years ago. He connected the patterns of crop circles with the geometric processes of the Earth's vortexes. Sanderson originally garnered notoriety by writing and lecturing on the animal kingdom. he was a frequent contributor to The Saturday Evening Post as well as a guest on The Gary Moore Show. In this book, Sanderson, a renowned zoologist with a keen interest in the paranormal, puts forward the curious theory that âeoeOINTS'-Other Intelligences-live under the Earthâe (tm)s oceans. Further, some of the crop circles' symbolic messages have related to DNA change and soul evolution, as well as the downfall of the New World Order, he said. For more on Wilcock's work, check out his YouTube video channel, which includes his lecture 2012 Event Horizon.įirst hour guest, UFO expert Nick Pope reacted to the news that Winston Churchill covered up a UFO event because he feared mass panic in the UK. The incident, said to occur during WWII, was revealed as part of Britain's continuing release of formerly classified UFO files. However, Pope pointed out that this report was more of an allegation, and there was little documentation to back it up. For more, see Linda Moulton Howe's Earthfiles article. ![]() ![]() As well as a pedal drive, the Slayer also comes equipped with paddles too. Greater speeds can be achieved, but that all depends on your level of willingness. With little effort on the peddler’s part, the Native Watercraft Slayer Propel can easily hit a speed of 4.2 miles per hour-all without breaking a sweat. On the inside, it features hand-sewn cushions for the seat, dry storage areas, and an advanced pedal mechanism. Underneath there’s a protected rudder that will keep you on track no matter the conditions. The kayak’s hard shell body is made from a tough layered polyethylene which makes it a durable option. It’s a sit on pedal-powered kayak that can travel at impressive speeds across the water without much effort at all. The Slayer Propel from Native Watercraft is a kayak designed for anglers who like to travel fast. It’s comfortable, handles extremely well in the water, and it’s not going to break the bank either! Still, for a budget model, this one is surprisingly capable. It does come with a number of rod holders, including two flush mounted fishing pole holders and a forward mounted pole holder Unfortunately it’s not a swivel rod holder, which is a bit of a shame. There are a number of storage compartments, as well as front and rear shock cord straps to help keep things tied down. The foot rests are adjustable, and the seat has ample padding. It has a flat bottom hull, with formed areas for practical storage and multiple seating positions. ![]() This little kayak is made from a high-density Polyethylene material with a UV protective coating. It’s a single seater kayak with enough interesting features to make your next fishing trip a pleasure, but without a frighteningly high price tag. This is the Tamarack Angler 100, a small and compact fishing kayak that’s simple, sturdy, and surprisingly spacious too. What’s more, it comes in four different color options! If you need something bigger, Vibe also has a slightly larger model, the 130, which is better suited to ocean kayaking. Other great features include endless storage options (including two hatches and a bungee rear tank), flush mounted rod holders, and integrated gear tracks.Įach kayak ships with a high-quality paddle and a number of other interesting and useful accessories. It’s ideal for windy conditions and strong currents. Like most of the best fishing kayaks, the Sea Ghost has a toe-controlled rudder that keeps you on track and stops you from wasting energy steering with your paddle. It’s designed to offer increased comfort for long days of fishing, and even features a dual position seat with exceptional support. ![]() The Sea Ghost 110 is a single-seater sit-on fishing kayak which carefully balances space and stability with speed and handling. It’s relatively new to the market when compared with other well-established players, but this unassuming brand is making a big splash. Vibe’s Sea Ghost is fast becoming a favorite among kayak fishing enthusiasts. ![]() ![]() ![]() Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 288–299.įree v. Hindsight ≠ foresight: The effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. Reference manual on scientific evidence, Washington, DC: Federal Judicial Center.įischoff, B. Charlottesville, VA: Michie.įederal Judicial Center (1994). Are twelve heads better than one? Law and Contemporary Problems, 52, 205–224.Įlwork, A., Sales, B. Inciardi (Eds.), Challenging capital punishment: Legal and social science approaches. Unpleasant facts: The Supreme Court's response to empirical research on capital punishment. Improving decisions on death by revising and testing jury instructions. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 87, 17–47.ĭiamond, S. Blindfolding the jury to verdict consequences: Damages, experts, and the civil jury. A special issue of Law and Human Behavior, 3.ĭiamond, S. Law and Human Behavior, 8, 53–79.ĭaubert v. The effects of death qualification on jurors' predisposition to convict and on the quality of deliberation. Hindsight bias: Self flattery or cognitive error? Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 3, 205–211.Ĭowan, C. Law and Human Behavior, 13, 291–310.Ĭonnolly, T., & Bukszar, E. Juror decision-making, attitudes, and the hindsight bias. Of juries and court-appointed experts: The impact of nonadversarial versus adversarial expert testimony. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 286–292.īrekke, N. Reducing the biasing effect of perpetrator attractiveness in jury simulation. Phoenix: Arizona Supreme Court Committee.īaumeister, R. series, the audiobook for The Creeping Shadow was the first to consecutively have the same narrator ( Emily Bevan) with its predecessor.Arizona Supreme Court Committee on More Effective Use of Juries (1994). In the aftermath of the Rotwell incident, and the personal congratulations of Penelope Fittes, the skull reveals information with grave implications. However, nothing could prepare them for what they find inside… and on the other side. The time has come to break into the research laboratory. Kipps regains his ability to see ghosts thanks to a pair of googles, much to his enjoyment. The team splits into two, fighting the Visitors of the town. Seeking to catch two birds with one stone, Lockwood & co accepts the Aldbury job: investigating the creeping shadow and breaking into Rotwell’s laboratory which happens to be nearby, despite a personal visit from Rotwell himself. Meanwhile, a boy from Aldbury seeks the agencies help against the unusually high number of hauntings plaguing his town… lead by a “creeping shadow” which he claims can raise the spirits of the dead with him. With the help of some old items from Lockwood family’s collection, they decide to infiltrate an illegal auction in a haunted metro station. When the Skull in the jar gets stolen, and she narrowly avoids death, Lucy returns to the only safe place she has left: Lockwood & Co. An unexpected visit puts the icing on the cake.Īt the request of Penelope Fittes, the team investigate the house of the Ealing Cannibal, under the supervision of Quill Kipps, and shadowed by the suppressed emotions and past history of the group When the source of her recent case, burned in the furnaces before her eyes is rumored to have surfaced in an underground auction, she starts doubting who she can trust. Lucy is now a freelancer, working as a consultant psychic agent, assisted with the constant cryptic and sarcastic scull. And it's not long before a shocking revelation rocks Lockwood & Co. ![]() What will it take to reunite the team? Black marketeers, an informant ghost, a Spirit Cape that transports the wearer, and mysteries involving their closest rivals may just do the trick.īut not all is at it seems. Made worse by the tensions between Lucy and the other agents – even the skull is treating her like a jilted lover! – and only them – to locate and remove the ' Source' for the legendary Brixton Cannibal. Penelope Fittes, leader of the well-renowned Fittes Agency wants Lockwood & Co. A freelance operative, she is hiring herself out to other agencies – agencies that might value her ever-improving skills. ![]() ![]() You can never be too careful with your business operations. Jittery audio quality and frozen video screens are just a few side-effects of slow Ethernet. High-speed Ethernet is not an area you want to cut corners on, as it will drastically reduce signal loss. Running a firm means always looking for ways to save on green. Think you could improve your VoIP experience a little more? Here are a few tips to ensure you’re getting the most out of your phone systems. Related: G12 Communications in 2021: Big Growth, Same Commitment to Quality & Service Simple Tips to Improve Your VoIP Experience The only time you should keep your SIP ALG feature on is if you’re explicitly instructed by your VoIP provider.
![]() ![]() After that trial period (usually 15 to 90 days) the user can decide whether to buy the software or not. Trial software allows the user to evaluate the software for a limited amount of time. Demos are usually not time-limited (like Trial software) but the functionality is limited. In some cases, all the functionality is disabled until the license is purchased. Demoĭemo programs have a limited functionality for free, but charge for an advanced set of features or for the removal of advertisements from the program's interfaces. In some cases, ads may be show to the users. Basically, a product is offered Free to Play (Freemium) and the user can decide if he wants to pay the money (Premium) for additional features, services, virtual or physical goods that expand the functionality of the game. This license is commonly used for video games and it allows users to download and play the game for free. There are many different open source licenses but they all must comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief: the software can be freely used, modified and shared. Programs released under this license can be used at no cost for both personal and commercial purposes. Open Source software is software with source code that anyone can inspect, modify or enhance. Freeware products can be used free of charge for both personal and professional (commercial use). Please install and use BBEdit instead.įreeware programs can be downloaded used free of charge and without any time limitations. Note: TextWrangler is not compatible with macOS 10.13 (High Sierra) or later. Powerful Text Transformer And Manipulator.After all, it’s free! Features and Highlights ![]() TextWrangler for macOS can without a doubt make your life easier if you give it a chance and try it out. With it, you can not only edit any text with wide variety of useful tools, but you can also manage much more complicated texts – writing HTML, editing professional code texts, cleaning up data, editing configuration files, and more. That window holds a truly incredible number of tweaks that are separated in 11 main sections – Appearance, Application, Editing, Editor Defaults, Keyboard, Languages, Menus & Shortcuts, Printing, Text Colors, Text Encodings and Text Files. Its preference screen, however, is anything but simple and sparse. Users have a big work surface, line counter, stats on the bottom and tabbed interface on the top with just a few tools for choosing a writing style and text style. ![]() The main interface of this app is incredibly simple, with almost complete lack of any tools or buttons being present on the surface of its main window. TextWrangler is now BBEdit - and still free! It's time to switch. In addition to those general purpose text editing tools, this app also has full support to be a constant companion of programmers who demand color coding of their code syntaxes, Unix and server administrator, and many other tools and services that are absolutely focused on providing stable, fast and easily manageable text support for professionals and seasoned users. This app was not created only to be used ordinary home Mac users who just sometimes need access to the freeware text editor that will be there to help them create text files. TextWrangler for Mac is a powerful tool for managing, composing, modifying and transforming other plain-text files. ![]() ![]() ![]() Then he's teleported along with thousands of people in front of a God, who gives them a "Guideline", something which allows them to check people's levels and improve their skills, and tells them they are going to be sent to another world. Ryu Han-Bin is a recent discharge of the Army who still hasn't found his footing in life. The Smart Guy: A genius magician, not only he acts as the strategist of the team during much of the early series, during their travels he ends inventing various magical tools to help during their journey.Survival Story of a Sword King in a Fantasy World is an Action Fantasy Webcomic written by Kwon Sun Kyu and drawn by Studio Khit.Playing with Fire: Fire is his element, both as a dragon and as a Mage. ![]() Has deep crimson hair but is one of the kindest and most patient characters in the series. This turns out to be a big part of his backstory, since his human form is based in the appearance of his adoptive human sister, Adola. Dude Looks Like a Lady: Nearly every character confuses him wih a girl the first time they met him, he even ends up infiltrating a criminal organization by disguising as one.He meets Han-bin (who was going as Aeric at the time) many times during his initial travels, where eventually they end up discovering each other's true identities, and after the Lich Arc they decided to stick together. At least, that's the official story: in truth, Atisse is a dragon himself with the ability to take a human form, who was adopted by the last descendant of the Bennister family, Lady Adora Bennister, as her younger brother. Han-bin's Heroic Build is in fact the main clue to his true strength, since his faulty Guideline keeps reading him as Level 5.Ītisse BennisterA young, androgynous mage from the esteemed Bennister family of Dragon Hunters. Heroic Build: All those years of unending training did pay off.By the time he finally escapes, his stats are so maxed out most opponents can't even touch him. Early Game Hell: Because his malfunctioning Guideline keep reseting his level everytime he hit Level 5, Han-bin spent years trapped in the tutorial area fighting increasingly stronger opponents who scaled to his own strength.The Dog Bites Back: After being trapped for years in the tutorial area because of Ormphlaus' negligence, Han-bin has made his mission in life to thwart his plans.When a Ghost possesses his consciousness to turn Hanbin's body against his allies, it ends up in a hellish landscape resembling the Tutorial, and gets a glimpse of the damage that's been done to Hanbin's psyche through his ordeal. Crazy Sane: Unsurprisingly, given what he endured, Harbin turns out to be this later down the line.Blessed with Suck: How he feels about his power sure he has insane levels of strenght, but the cost was definitely not worth it for him.Almighty Janitor: Despite being one of the strongest characters in the setting, the fact that his Guideline reads as him being only Level 5 (for comparison, the average level of an adventurer in Rath'na is 20), means that most character who can read levels (mainly other Otherworlders) tend to underestimate him the first time.Finally freed, he decides to go against Ormphlaus' designs and help the Rath'nians against his invasion, in order to ask the Goddesses to sending back to Earth as a reward. However, because the Guideline given to him was faulty, his level continuously reverts to level 1 every time he's about to reach level 5, trapping Hanbin in an endless cycle of levelling and restarting inside the tutorial area for years. Ryu Han-bin, aka Aeric, aka Feladd Bin The main protagonist of the story, a recent discharge of the Army who still hasn't found his footing in life, he's among the many chosen by the Demon God, Ormphlaus, to be send to the world of Rath'nia as part of Ormphlaus' plan to Take It Over. ![]() ![]() ![]() Additionally, though, Tamil MV has thousands of movie torrents in Hindi, English, Telugu, and several other languages. As the name of the site suggests, many of the movie torrents that are available here are in Tamil. One of the most unique aspects of Tamil MV is the fact that it is, first and foremost, an Indian torrent site. ![]() Users of this site will also be able to find live TV streams, as well as content that is relatively difficult to find elsewhere on other torrent sites. However, the offerings of Tamil MV do not stop there. This is a movie torrent site, meaning that it is primarily focused on providing its users with movie torrents. Is Tamil MV the best Indian movie torrent site? – Which brings us to the site that we will be evaluating today: Tamil MV. Whether you are completely new to torrenting altogether or you are a veteran P2P file sharer of the highest caliber, finding the best torrent site for your needs has never been easier. Lucky for you, though, I am here to provide in-depth and comprehensive reviews of only the best torrent sites on the web. When you begin weighing the subjective components (such as the type of movies, for example, that you like to watch and one’s preferred style of site design and user experience), of course, the task becomes even more difficult. And that’s just if we’re talking about the objective truths of a site. There are many factors involved in evaluating and analyzing torrent sites. What makes the best movie torrent site? – Before you can torrent anything, though, there is one crucial question that needs to be asked … what is the best torrent site on the web? Unfortunately, this is a much trickier and more involved question than it might seem at first glance. The more that I torrent ahead of time, the more content that I have available to enjoy when I need to turn my brain off and escape the madness of the modern world. ![]() This is why, when it comes time for me to carve some time out for myself, to unwind and relax, to forget about the constant stream of anxiety, I torrent movies and TV series. Personally, I have been trying my best to see the silver linings within the dark storm cloud of the pandemic.įor me, one of those silver linings is that I have been able to catch up on a lot of the movies and TV series that I have been putting off, that I never really had the time to get around to watching back when my life was busier and full of errands, commuting to and from work, and social obligations. It could involve lighting a few candles and taking a nice, hot bubble bath.īinge, binge, and binge some more – Or, if you are anything like me, then your notion of self-care probably looks more like getting into some comfy clothes (who wears anything but sweatpants during quarantine anyway, am I right?) and binging hour upon hour of the best movies and TV shows that you can find online. Perhaps self-care for you means developing your skills as a baker. Maybe your idea of taking some time to relax and unwind involves pouring a glass of wine and sitting down with a good book. ![]() Self-care, of course, can look vastly different from one person to the next. That is why, in my opinion, figuring out some ways to focus on self-care is crucial right now. For millions of people around the world, finding a way to deal with these unprecedented stressors and limitations is much more easily said than done. For the foreseeable future, the days of going to the movies, going out to dinner, grabbing a pint at the bar, or catching a concert on a Friday night (just to name a few) are on pause. Most of us are still living in lockdown, unable to leave our homes or go out into public to do the things that we normally like to do. Hundreds of thousands of people are dying every day. As of the time of this writing the COVID 19 pandemic is still raging around the globe. These days, life seems to be filled with nothing but anxiety, uncertainty, and fear. ![]() ![]() ![]() Not only this, but God also gave this first couple a taste of redemption for mankind, as marriage. In marriage, God gave His creatures, man and woman, the ability - and the mandate - to create life like themselves, life in the image of God. To get your ceremony planning started, read on for 13 options to incorporate into your wedding. Marriage was consecrated by God, not only for mutual help and comfort, but also as a means of procreation. It may also be the perfect way to celebrate you and your partner's heritage with tradition. Often, a unity ceremony allows for other family members to participate as well, furthering its meaning and representation of two families joining together. The bride and groom each hold a lit candle and combine their flames to light a third, larger candle. A unity ritual is certainly not required, but there may be a ceremony option that's the perfect fit for you and your partner, whether you're looking for something religious, historical, or secular. This Judeo-Christian tradition is probably the most well-known wedding ritual that symbolizes unity. This candle is also a candle of Unity because both must come together. This candle before you is a candle of Commitment because it takes two people working together to keep it aflame. Its fire is magical because it represents the light of two people in love. To help you choose exactly which wedding unity ceremony idea is right for you. This candle you are about to light is a candle of Marriage. ![]() Ultimately, these meaningful rituals are performed during a wedding to represent the union of marriage. If youre having a unity candle ceremony outdoors, thats great Dont worry about the flame going. Were an outdoor venue that has ceremonies w/ unity candles 3-4x/mo. And, deciding to include a unity ceremony is definitely one of the questions that will come up.Ī unity ceremony is a symbolic ritual woven into the wedding ceremony handfasting, circling, and the lighting of a unity candle are common examples. And while there are plenty of decisions to make when it comes to florals, your cake, and reception décor, perhaps one of the most meaningful choices you’ll make is what will be included in the ceremony. There are so many options when it comes to making your wedding truly represent who you and your partner are, individually and as a couple. ![]() ![]() Despite Strauss’ criticisms of Christianity, he was highly critical of this naturalistic theory. ![]() For example, attempting to explain Jesus’ resurrection naturally, many rationalist thinkers in the 18th and 19th centuries put forward the theory that Jesus only appeared to die on the cross. He was a fierce opponent of orthodox Christianity but was also agitated by rationalist attempts to explain away New Testament accounts too simplistically. Strauss (1808–1874) was a highly influential German theologian in the 19th century. 3 This article surveys a broad range of medical and scholarly views regarding Jesus’ experience on the cross, concluding that asphyxiation or asphyxiation-dominant theories have emerged as the consensus position regarding the cause of Jesus’ death.ĭavid F. The manner of Jesus’ death remains a subject of controversy in the medical profession. The Gospels, then, can provide important historical sources regarding Jesus’ crucifixion as well as the practice of Roman execution. Although a subject of academic inquiry, the Gospel accounts are still utilized in order to provide consistent historical and archaeological information concerning the culture and history of the ancient world. This form of torture would become synonymous with the Roman Empire and, ultimately, the founding of Christianity and its subsequent branches. 2 Crucifixions were usually reserved for criminals and political revolutionaries. In the ancient world, crucifixion was viewed as the worst and lowest punishment that could be bestowed upon a non-Roman citizen. Given the wide variety of ways in which crucifixion can be carried out, the method of crucifixion largely depended upon the executioners and circumstances. ![]() It is quite likely that different individuals died from different physiological causes, and we would expect that the orientation in which they were crucified would be crucial in this respect.” 1 After providing a representative sampling of different theories, they concluded, “There is insufficient evidence to safely state exactly how people did die from crucifixion in Roman times. In 2006, the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine published an article by Matthew Maslen and Piers Mitchell that examined different medical theories on the causes of death by crucifixion. A table maps these results, summarizing for those in the medical field as well as historians and theologians what medical professionals consider to be the cause of Jesus’ death. Second, and more importantly, the survey results show that, perhaps less similar to crucifixion in general, there is a growing consensus regarding Jesus’ cause of death by medical professionals. First, it provides a rich resource of different medical opinions regarding the effects of Jesus’ crucifixion. ![]() Two features of this article are significant. This article surveys a broad range of medical and other specialist views regarding Jesus’ experience on the cross, concluding that asphyxiation or asphyxiation-dominant theories have emerged as the consensus position regarding the cause of Jesus’ death. ![]() Forensic pathologists and clinicians have argued for several hypotheses concerning Jesus’ death, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac rupture, suspension trauma, asphyxiation, fatal stab wound, and shock. Yet for centuries, the manner of Jesus’ death has remained a subject of controversy in academic and medical circles. The death of Jesus Christ remains a pivotal moment in world history and a symbol of love, mercy, and courage across the globe. ![]() |
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